Why did Spain descend into civil war? In the mid-1930s, most European countries were wary of war with their foreign neighbours but in Spain war was about to break out on the streets. Political issues ranging from the place of an established Church in society, to pay concerns, unemployment, and land ownership tore Spain apart. The left and right became increasingly polarised, and eventually split into the warring Nationalist and Republican camps.

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Sources Consulted:
Bolloten, Burnett. 1991. The Spanish Civil War : Revolution and Counterrevolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/...

Huys, D. (2023), Is Spain Different? The Tamed Memory of the Spanish Civil War and the Limits of Spain's National Self-Image (2008–10). Aust J Politics Hist, 69: 266-282.

Miller, Stuart T. Mastering Modern European History. London: Macmillan Education LTD, 1990.

Simpson, James, and Juan Carmona. “The Limits to Land Reform.” Chapter. In Why Democracy Failed: The Agrarian Origins of the Spanish Civil War, 179–98. Cambridge Studies in Economic History - Second Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.