My abnormal results so far:
🧪Protein S deficiency
🧪Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4g/5g polymorphism
🧪MTHFR Heterozygous for C677T
🧪Elevated IgA and No IgE

⁉️ PAI-1 can cause implantation Failure:
📚 Association between plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene mutation and different subgroups of recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure
🖋️ Khosravi et al., 2014
🔗 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

⁉️ 92% without physical, hormonal or chromosomal cause for miscarriage have thrombophilia:
📚 Recurrent miscarriage syndrome and infertility due to blood coagulation protein/platelet defects: a review and update.
🖋️ Bick et al., 2005
🔗 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15...

⁉️ 78% of women with repeat miscarriage suffer from acquired and/or inherited thrombophilia
📚 Etiology of hypercoagulable state in women with recurrent fetal loss without other causes of miscarriage from Southern Italy: new clinical target for antithrombotic therapy.
🖋️ D'Uva et al., 2008
🔗 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19...

⁉️ Only homozygous and multiple gene mutations are associated with recurrent miscarriage
📚 Multiple thrombophilic gene mutations rather than specific gene mutations are risk factors for recurrent miscarriage.
🖋️ Coulam et al., 2006
🔗 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16...

More about MTHFR:
⁉️ MTHFR C677T mutation causes a 6.3 fold increase in early miscarriage risk
📚 MTHFR C677T and factor V Leiden in recurrent pregnancy loss: a study among an endogamous group in North India.
🖋️ Mukhopadhyay et al., 2009
🔗 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19...

More about PAI-1:
"In summary, this meta-analysis found a positive association between the 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism and the increased risk of recurrent miscarriage in Caucasian, African and Asian populations. In addition, effective therapeutic prevention can theoretically be developed by focusing on anticoagulation and improving genetic polymorphism studies in recurrent miscarriages."
📚 PAI-1 and Recurrent Abortion
🖋️ Lara et al., 2018
🔗 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4d3d...

#RepeatPregnancyLoss