What is an overactive bladder (ओवरएक्टिव ब्लैडर यानी अरजेंसी इंकंटीनेंस (यूआई))?
As the term suggests, it increases the activity of the bladder and works towards storing and discharging urine and if in someone the frequency of urine increases then it is known as overactive bladder.

Why does an overactive bladder happen?
Overactive bladder is of two types
- Primary overactive bladder (बार बार पेशाब जाना)
- Secondary overactive bladder (पेशाब न रोक पाना)

Primary overactive bladder mainly happens due to muscle control or muscle activity regulation.

Firstly, the bladder without any reason leads to an increase in muscle activity due to which the urine discharge increase and the bladder’s holding capacity starts to decrease.
Secondly, the secondary overactive bladder, in the secondary overactive bladder the same condition urinary tract diseases like urine infection, stones in the bladder, blockage in urine passage due to the prostate or any stone gets blocked in the passage of the ureter or in the urine tube. There are other conditions also which can lead to overactive bladder and in that case, we call it a secondary overactive bladder.

Primary overactive bladder, this condition is diagnosed mainly by clinical symptoms like-
- more frequency of urine (बार-बार मूत्र जाना)
- a problem in urine control (मूत्र को रोक न पाना)
- urge to urinate frequently
- nocturia

All these symptoms are called overactive bladder, not all do not have to have all the symptoms, anyone can have any symptoms at any severity level. So, the most important thing for diagnosis is clinical symptoms and their judgement. We get investigations done to check the occurrence of secondary overactive bladder or any other condition due to which there is bladder overactivity. This condition is common in females or in elderly males. Two treatment options are pharmacological therapy and lifestyle changes or behavioural therapy. Behavioural therapy is more effective than pharmacological therapy. And if in long term, you don’t want to take any medicines or this condition does not occur again then behavioural modification is as important as pharmacological therapies.

What is important in behaviour modifications?
Most important is, your liquid intake, if you take less liquid then in this condition, urine becomes more concentrated, and concentrated urine irritates the bladder. So, it is recommended, that your liquid intake is regulated and uniform. In every hour, take 1 glass of water and if at night your frequency of urine increases, then two hours before sleeping, either stop water intake or limit your water intake. In full-day, total consumption should be 6-8 glasses of water or 2 liters of liquid intake should be there.

The second important thing is to avoid bladder irritants which include tea, coffee and smoking.

Third thing, people ask what changes should we make in diet, So dietary recommendations are not so strong and so recommendations are not stringent that any particular thing may cause you to have an overactive bladder.
If you think any eatery is affecting your urinary problems then you should note it and limit its quantity.

Fourth thing is, it is important to regulate body weight. People who are obese are more affected by overactive bladder disease.

Pelvic muscle exercise -
If you follow a certain routine for exercising, you should continue it. Along with it, you should work on pelvic muscle exercises for approximately 10 minutes twice a day. Pelvic muscle exercises are also called Kegel exercises.
Pelvic muscle exercises would benefit urinary problems, by allowing you to control urine and relieve blatter overactivity.
Lastly, in pharmacological therapy, some medicines can help to reduce bladder overactivity, urine frequency and lower its symptoms.

It can be concluded that overactive bladder disease is not an incurable disease as it is assumed to be. People usually tend to ignore its symptoms especially women who keep on bearing the pain for a longer duration until they realize their quality of life has started degrading.
Therefore, as you start taking treatment your symptoms will eventually drive away and your quality of life will also improve.

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