BMJ references in this video relating to 'Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity' are based on a rapid response letter NOT to an empirical paper.

16th September, Vitamin D and pandemic science
   • Vitamin D and pandemic science  

12th September, Vitamin D, Large scale studies
   • Vitamin D, Large scale studies  

6th September, Vitamin D, Frist clinical trial
   • Vitamin D, First clinical trial  

27th July, Vitamin D, Science
   • Vitamin D, Science  

20th June, Vitamin D hits the media
   • Vitamin D hits the media  

10th June, Vitamin D update
   • Vitamin D Update  

18th May, Dr Shelton, Part 1, Reports from New Zealand
   • Dr  Shelton, Part 1, Reports from New...  

21st May, Dr Shelton, Part 2, Vitamin D
   • Dr  Shelton, Part 2, Vitamin D  

10th May, Vitamin D dose
   • Vitamin D dose  

15th April, Vitamin D and Immunity, Lots of evidence
   • Vitamin D and Immunity, Lots of Evidence  

9th March, Vitamin D and immunity
   • Vitamin D and immunity  

Correcting Britain's Vitamin D deficiency could save thousands of lives (David Davis MP, Matt Ridley)

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020...

There is one chemical that:

is known to be safe

known to be needed by many people anyway

known to have a clinically proven track record of helping people fight off
respiratory diseases

is so cheap no big firm is pushing it

vitamin D

Vitamin D Levels Appear to Play Role in COVID-19 Mortality Rates

https://www.mccormick.northwestern.ed...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.11...

China, France, Germany, Italy, Iran, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, United States.

Patients with severe deficiency are twice as likely to experience major complications

Spanish clinical trial

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

Calcifediol group, 2% required admission to the ICU

Control group 50% admitted to ICU

Put another way, the use of Vitamin D reduced a patient’s risk of needing intensive care 25-fold

The Government should now act on this latest evidence

We have good reason to think vitamin D supplementation will help reduce mortality from Covid-19

we know it can reduce the incidence and severity of the other acute respiratory illnesses

pressures from influenza during the winter months

This will no doubt save thousands of lives in any second wave

There is now no reason not to act

Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity? (21 September 2020, Eshani M King, BMJ)

https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m...

Many have T cells that act against SARS-CoV-2 epitopes

Killing intracellular parasites

Critical in viral immunity

T cell response might be more important that B cell response

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...

B‐cell response might be important, but is not strictly required to overcome the disease

Vaccines focused on antibody levels

Mild or asymptomatic cases, many T-cells are produced

In these mild cases, few or no detectable antibodies

Men produced fewer T-cells than women

Older men produce less T cells than younger men

Vitamin D controls T cell antigen receptor signaling and activation of human T cells, (University of Copenhagen)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20208...

Vitamin D essential to facilitate maturation of naïve T cells to dedicated, specific T cells

When a T cell is exposed to a foreign pathogen, it extends a vitamin D receptor, with which it searches for vitamin D

If there is an inadequate vitamin D level,

they won't even begin to mobilize

Also

Physical mucosal defences

All other immune cells

Modulating cytokines

Problems

https://osf.io/preprints/nutrixiv/73whx/

Obesity

Diabetes

BAME

Male

Elderly

City dwellers

Japan

Low death rate

Active elderly

Vitamin D levels of over 30 ng/ml (75 nmol/l) in 95%

UK average levels are below 20ng/ml (50 nmol/l)

The Role of Vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 related deaths in BAME, Obese and Other High-risk Categories

https://osf.io/preprints/nutrixiv/73whx/

To convert ng/ml of 25(OH)D to nmol/l the conversion factor is 2.5.

20ng/ml enough to prevent rickets, osteoporosis and osteomalacia

40-60ng/ml or more is required to achieve optimum immune system and cancer fighting capability

30 ng/ml being sufficient but not optimal

40-60ng/ml Maasai

IU mcg
400 10mcg
800 20mcg
1,000 25mcg
2,000 50mcg
4,000 100mcg
6,000 150mcg