Lymphoid Cells | T and B cell Production and Subtypes🩺
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 Published On Dec 25, 2023

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Lymphoid Cells | T and B cell Production and Subtypes🩺

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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered family of innate immune cells, derived from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). In response to pathogenic tissue damage, ILCs contribute to immunity via the secretion of signalling molecules, and the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune cells.

The T and B lymphocytes (T and B Cells) are involved in the acquired or antigen-specific immune response given that they are the only cells in the organism able to recognize and respond specifically to each antigenic epitope. The B Cells have the ability to transform into plasmocytes and are responsible for producing antibodies (Abs). Thus, humoral immunity depends on the B Cells while cell immunity depends on the T Cells. In the present chapter, the processes of ontogeny are summarized for each type of lymphocyte together with their main characteristics, the different subpopulations described to date, the signaling mechanisms employed for their activation, and their main functions based on the immunological profile that they present.

From the morphological point of view, T and B lymphocytes are indistinguishable since they are both small cells (8–10 microns in diameter) and each possesses a large nucleus with dense hetero-chromatin and a cytoplasmic border that contains few mitochondria, ribosomes, and lyzosomes. When they are activated by the antigenic stimulus, they may enlarge, thus increasing their cytoplasm and organelle number. Lymphocytes present receptors for antigen (Ag) recognition (TCR and BCR respectively) with different specificities on their surfaces. The genes that encode for these structures undergo a series of DNA recombinations, which provides them with immense phenotypic diversity.
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