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Over time various rectangular or square infantry formations dominated the battlefields of the world. From the Macedonian Phalanx which was one pillar of Alexander the Great’s success, to the Schiltron as a decisive factor in the Scottish struggle for independence, to the Spanish tercio, the war machine helping the Habsburgs to control Europe, these formations shaped the warfare of their time decisively. In this video we will look at some hand-picked examples, work out some of these formations' most central characteristics - and look at several of their most famous battles as well.

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Chapters:
00:00 - 00:52 Intro
00:52 - 06:26 Ancient Greek Phalanx
06:26 - 08:02 Scottish Schiltron
08:02 - 09:05 Nord VPN
09:05 - 10:46 Scottish Schiltron part 2
10:46 - 13:16 Swiss Pike Square
13:16 - 15:43 Landsknecht Pike Square
15:43 - 18:04 Spanish Tercio
18:04 - 21:17 Dutch Battalion
21:17 - 23:15 Swedish Brigade


Further Reading:
Baumann, Reinhard, Landsknechte, Ihre Geschichte und Kultur vom späten Mittelalter bis zum Dreissigjährigen Krieg, München 1994.
Burckhardt, L., “Phalanx”, in: Brill’s New Pauly Online, Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (eds), last visited 05 February 2022 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_b....
Campbell, B. J., “Legio”, in: Brill’s New Pauly Online, Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (eds), last visited 05 February 2022(http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_b....
Rogers, C. J., Tactics and the face of battle, in: Tallet, F., Trim, J.B. (Ed.), European Warfare 1350-1750, 2010, p. 203-235.
Kloosterhuis, J., s.v. “Infantry” in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit Online.
Lopez, I., The Spanish Tercios 1536–1704, 2012.
Mallet, M., Shaw, C., The Italian Wars 1494-1559. War, State and Society In Early Modern Europe, 2012.
Nimwegen, Van, O., The transformation of army organization in early-modern western Europe, c. 1500-1789, in: Tallet, F., Trim, J.B. (Ed.), European Warfare 1350-1750, 2010, p. 159-180.
Ortenburg, G., Landsknechte. Waffe und Waffengebrauch (Heerwesen der Neuzeit, Abt. 1, Bd. 1) Koblenz 1984.
Sikora, M., s.v. “Tercio” in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit Online.
Tallet, F., Trim, ‘Then was then and now is now’: an overview of change and continuity in late medieval and early-modern warfare, in: Tallet, F., Trim (Ed.), J.B., European Warfare 1350-1750, 2010, p. 1-27.
Wijn, J. W., Military Forces and Warfare 1610-48, In: The New Cambridge Modern History Volume I, The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War 1609-48/59, 1971.p. 202-225.