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When we talk about the Civil War and Reconstruction, we’re typically focused on the South. After all, the South seceded and then needed to be Reconstructed to fulfill all the new civil rights that came with the war, hence the small amounts of troops needed to remain in the South as a constabulary after putting down their insurrection. That’s all very important history, but we kinda miss the larger picture of what’s happening here, one that renders the civil rights motive of Reconstruction extraneous to the even larger motive: reconstructing race. But in order to do that, we have to de-center the South, and see just how much of a role the West played in this “Greater Reconstruction.”
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Bibliography
Ned Blackhawk, Violence over the Land: Indians and Empires in the Early American West (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006). https://amzn.to/2nD1oL8

Paul Andrew Hutton, The Apache Wars: The Hunt for Geronimo, the Apache Kid, and the Captive Boy Who Started the Longest War in American History (New York: Broadway Books, 2017). https://amzn.to/2u9ZV1G

Pekka Hämäläinen, Lakota America: A New History of Indigenous Power (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2019). https://amzn.to/3r4Upd5

Peter Iverson, Dine: A History of the Navajos (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002). https://amzn.to/37VtlW9

Karl Jacoby, Shadows at Dawn: An Apache Massacre and the Violence of History (New York: Penguin Books, 2008). https://amzn.to/2u695x2

Brendan C. Lindsay, Murder State: California's Native American Genocide (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2015). https://amzn.to/2u8CzdL

Benjamin Madley, An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe (New Haven Conn.: Yale University Press, 2016). https://amzn.to/2NE5HSr

Frank Pommersheim, Broken Landscape: Indians, Indian Tribes, and the Constitution (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009). https://amzn.to/3bP5xVf

Robert M. Utley, The Indian Frontier, 1846-1890, rev. ed. (1984; Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003). https://amzn.to/3sycqRj

Elliott West, “Reconstructing Race,” Western Historical Quarterly 34, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 6-26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25047206
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1:38 Intro
3:00 antebellum
3:55 incorporation
5:15 bellum
10:05 peace policy
14:10 continuances
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