18 COVID Autopsies - This is what they found in the Brain 😱

If you've seen my previous videos on autopsies done on COVID patients, it's pretty clear by now that when patients die of this covid, it's because of the lungs. The lungs' inflammation, pneumonia, and cytokine storm and ARDS, sometimes with multiorgan failure or the major blood clot, develop in the lungs. Sometimes though, blood clots show up in other parts of the body.
For example, clots can travel to the Brain and lodge in the blood vessels there, causing decreased blood flow to specific brain regions, known as a stroke.

⏩ Timestamps, click to skip ahead!
00:00 - Introduction
00:40 - 18 COVID Autopsies Study
07:30 - Why People Die for COVID

But this virus, in a different manner, can cause neurologic symptoms in some people, such as headache, confusion, and anosmia, meaning loss of taste and smell. But we don't really know why this covid sometimes causes these symptoms. Is it because the covid travels in the bloodstream to the Brain? Maybe. After all, there are ACE2 receptors that are located in the Brain. Is it because the virus got in our nose and used the olfactory nerves that are there to gain entry into our Brain? Or are these symptoms more related to the cytokine storm's effect, which is actually pretty familiar with infections in general, whether from pneumonia or something else? A recent study in NEJM looked at brain findings from autopsies done on 18 patients who died from COVID in a single teaching hospital. All 18 patients had nasopharyngeal swab samples that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR.

11 COVID patients required mechanical ventilation, meaning a breathing tube. Interestingly, it was noted that all of the ventilated patients had a confusional state or decreased arousal from sedation for ventilation. I interpreted this because when they paused the sedation, meaning they temporarily stopped the sedation to assess their mental status, the patient could follow commands during that time. In general, this is not uncommon, but this does seem to occur more often with COVID patients, which I've been finding with my COVID patients in the ICU.

On average, these COVID patients died about 10 days after being admitted to the hospital.
When they did the autopsies, they looked at the Brain as a whole, and they also sampled 10 different areas of the Brain and then looked at those samples underneath the microscope. Microscopic examination showed acute hypoxic injury in some regions of the Brain. Acute hypoxic injury means tissue was damaged due to not getting enough Oxygen. For example, an acute hypoxic injury in the cerebrum is the Brain's part that allows us to think and be conscious. There was also an acute hypoxic injury in the cerebellum in all the patients. There were no blood clots in the Brain or vasculitis, meaning inflammation of blood vessels. Another thing we want to know is, is the virus actually invading the cells of the Brain? This study actually tested the brain tissue for the virus with RT-PCR.

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Doctor Mike Hansen, MD
Internal Medicine | Pulmonary Disease | Critical Care Medicine
Website: https://doctormikehansen.com/
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