Transcranial magnatic stimulation (TMS) is a neuroscience method to activate or deactivate regions in the brain. Here, we explain how it works!

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, invented in 1985, uses a short magnetic pulse that activates axons (connection between neurons) in the brain. This is done in a non-invasive way, which means that no damage to the head is caused. When you apply TMS when somebody is at rest, you can activate this region. However, if someone is doing something and a particular brain area is already active, TMS can interfere with that ongoing activity. By this you disrupt the activity of a brain region.

Repeated TMS activity has been shown to have a prolonged effect. It is therefore used in a clinical setup. TMS is FDA approved to treated mental disorders such as depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. More about repetitive TMS in a future video!

Narrated by: Miles Wischnewski

References:
Chervyakov, A. V., Chernyavsky, A. Y., Sinitsyn, D. O., & Piradov, M. A. (2015). Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9, 303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303

Di Lazzaro, V., & Ziemann, U. (2013). The contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the functional evaluation of microcircuits in human motor cortex. Frontiers in neural circuits, 7, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2013.00018

Eldaief, M. C., Press, D. Z., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2013). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology: A review of established and prospective applications. Neurology. Clinical practice, 3(6), 519–526. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.CPJ.000043...

Goetz, S. M., & Deng, Z. D. (2017). The development and modelling of devices and paradigms for transcranial magnetic stimulation. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 29(2), 115–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2017...

Groppa, S., Oliviero, A., Eisen, A., Quartarone, A., Cohen, L. G., Mall, V., Kaelin-Lang, A., Mima, T., Rossi, S., Thickbroom, G. W., Rossini, P. M., Ziemann, U., Valls-Solé, J., & Siebner, H. R. (2012). A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(5), 858–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2012...

Pitcher, D., Parkin, B., & Walsh, V. (2021). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and the Understanding of Behavior. Annual review of psychology, 72, 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych...

Ziemann U. (2017). Thirty years of transcranial magnetic stimulation: where do we stand?. Experimental brain research, 235(4), 973–984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-48...

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Timestamps
0:00 TMS mechanisms
2:26 Measuring brain activity with TMS
2:55 Disrupting brain activity with TMS
3:49 Reptitive TMS