How Do Electric Cars Work? Can They Be Tuned For More Power?
Manual Transmission Electric Car -    • Why Do Electric Cars Only Have 1 Gear?  
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Let’s look at a simplified explanation of a three phase, permanent magnet AC motor. It’s really comprised of two main parts, the stator, which has copper coils and is stationary, and the rotor, which has magnets on it and rotates.

In order to force the rotor to rotate, the stator has three sets of magnets, though in reality it could be many more. The magnetic force for each magnet is created by a wound copper coil. If you pass current through a copper coil, it creates a magnetic field, with a north and south pole, based on which direction the current is passing through the copper wires. These six magnets make up our stator, which remains stationary. In the center, we have our rotor, in this case a simplified rotor which is simply a magnet that rotates about its center, with a north and south pole.

As you pass a current through the copper wires, supplied from the electric car’s battery, that current creates a magnetic field in a pair of electromagnets. The north pole of the magnet in the center is attracted to the south pole of the electromagnet, and the south pole of the magnet is attracted to the north pole of the other electromagnet. Similarly, the north and south poles of a separate winding will repel the magnetic rotor, and in combination the magnetic forces will cause the rotor to spin.

Another important thing to note is that if you reverse the current in one of the sets of electro magnets, you will reverse the poles for that magnet. As the the rotor spins, a controller will manipulate the current in the electromagnets, making sure the rotor never fully lines up with a magnetic pole and is forced to rotate. As you can see, the stator creates a rotating magnetic field, and the rotor spins with it. The stator rotates the magnetic field faster and faster, forcing the magnet to rotate faster and faster as well, accelerating the vehicle.

Since power is a function of both torque and RPM, how much power this motor produces is dependent on a couple factors. First, how much current and voltage is supplied, which will increase the strength of the electromagnets, which will in turn increase the torque on the rotor. And also how quickly the current can rotate around the stator, which will ultimately play a part in the peak RPM of the motor.

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