See all my videos at http://www.zstatistics.com/

0:00 Introduction to the Health IQ Series
0:46 Basics of confounding
4:32 Confounding in Coronavirus
7:54 Confounding by Indication
12:04 Randomised Control Trials


References:

Italian study (early COVID) showing 70% of mortalities are male:
https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavi...

Australian study looking at health impacts of urban density
https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/im...

The Cardiovascular Health of Young Adults: Disparities along the Urban-Rural Continuum
Elizabeth Lawrence, Robert A. Hummer, Kathleen Mullan Harris
First Published June 23, 2017 Research Article Find in PubMed
https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716217711426


Data for population pyramid
https://www.populationpyramid.net/wor...

Caesarean section and maternal death
Why mothers die 2000–2002: The sixth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. RCOG Press. London 2004.
http://www.hqip.org.uk/assets/NCAPOP-...