In this journal club episode, my guest is Dr. Peter Attia, M.D., a Stanford and Johns Hopkins-trained physician focusing on healthspan and lifespan and the host of The Drive podcast.

We each present a peer-reviewed scientific paper chosen because it contains novel, interesting, and actionable data. First, we discuss a paper on how bright light exposure at sunrise and throughout the day and dark exposure at night independently improve mental health and can offset some of the major symptoms of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Then, we discuss an article that explores a novel class of immunotherapy treatments to combat cancer. We also discuss some of the new data on low-calorie sweeteners and if they are safe. This episode should be of interest to listeners curious about maximizing their vitality and longevity and to anyone seeking science-supported ways to improve mental health and lifespan.

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Dr. Peter Attia
Website: https://peterattiamd.com
The Drive Podcast: https://peterattiamd.com/podcast
Newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter
Early Medical: https://earlymedical.com
X:   / peterattiamd  
Instagram:   / peterattiamd  
Facebook:   / peterattiamd  
YouTube:    / peterattiamd  

Journal Articles
Day and night light exposure are associated with psychiatric disorders: an objective light study in greater than 85,000 people (first article discussed): https://go.nature.com/47aIZcp
Early evening light mitigates sleep compromising physiological and alerting responses to subsequent late evening light: https://go.nature.com/3S84JzV
Absence of Circadian Phase Resetting in Response to Bright Light Behind the Knees: https://bit.ly/3Sr4Qb1
Time spent in outdoor light is associated with mood, sleep, and circadian rhythm-related outcomes: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study in over 400,000 UK Biobank participants: https://bit.ly/3Oe376l
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (second article discussed): https://bit.ly/492TmzX
Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation: https://bit.ly/3OaZr5o
Screening for the Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer): https://bit.ly/3HqgjBx
Autoimmunity Correlates With Tumor Regression in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Anti–Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4: https://bit.ly/3U6G3KA

Other Resources
Tuo: https://www.thetuolife.com
Light Meter app (Google Play): https://bit.ly/3ubAIXL
Light Meter app (App Store): https://apple.co/47GJivn
Carbon app: https://www.joincarbon.com
Fluorescence & Mammals: https://nyti.ms/493aTYU
Dr. Alia Crum: Science of Mindsets for Health & Performance: https://go.hubermanlab.com/nEZXQlCXYT
Sugar Substitutes: https://bit.ly/48IJR9e
The mechanisms of action for immune checkpoint inhibitors: https://bit.ly/3SqTi7v

Timestamps
00:00:00 Dr. Peter Attia, Journal Club
00:02:40 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, BetterHelp & Joovv
00:07:14 Light, Dark & Mental Health; Retina
00:11:16 Outdoor vs. Indoor Light, Cataracts, Sunglasses
00:16:17 Tools: Sunrise & Sunsets, Circadian Rhythm; Midday Light
00:24:55 Tools: Night & Light Exposure; Waking Before Sunrise
00:31:05 Article #1, Light/Dark Exposure & Mental Health
00:36:50 Sponsor: AG1
00:38:18 Odds Ratio, Hazard Ratio
00:45:43 Night vs. Daylight Exposure, Mental Health Disorders
00:51:35 Major Depression & Light Exposure; Error Bars & Significance
00:59:15 Sponsor: LMNT
01:00:39 Prescriptions; Environmental & Artificial Light; Red Lights
01:08:14 Nighttime Light Exposure; Sleep Trackers & Belief Effects
01:13:54 Light Directionality, Phone, Night
01:17:21 Light Wavelengths & Sensors; Sunglasses
01:20:58 Hawthorne Effect, Reverse Causality, Genetics
01:26:26 Artificial Sweeteners, Appetite
01:31:16 Natural Light Cycles, Circadian Rhythm & Mental Health
01:39:53 Article #2, Immune System & Cancer
01:43:18 T-Cell Activation; Viruses
01:50:41 Autoimmunity; Cancer & Immune System Evasion
02:00:09 Checkpoint Inhibitors, CTLA-4
02:06:45 Anti-CTLA-4 Study Drug (Ipilimumab), Melanoma
02:12:07 Patient Population, Randomization, GP100
02:18:09 Response Rate
02:22:52 Overall Survival & Response
02:28:38 Median Survival vs. Overall Survival, Drug Development
02:35:45 Gender & Dose
02:40:32 Adverse Events; Autoimmunity
02:46:42 Pancreatic Cancer; Aging & Immune System Health
02:53:57 Melanoma; Lynch Syndrome, Keytruda
02:58:43 Immunotherapy & Cancer Treatment; Melanoma Risk
03:06:26 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

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