Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary System












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#Anatomy#Physiology#Urinary

0:00 Introduction
0:05 Functions of the Urinary System Removes metabolic waste Regulates blood volume and blood pressure Regulates plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium chloride, etc. Helps to stabilize blood pH Conserves valuable nutrients
1:52 Organs/Tissues of the Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra
2:47 Kidney Anatomy 2 kidneys, on either side of the spine between T2 and L, left kidney is slightly superior to the right one • Stabilized in place by surrounding connective tissue Reddish brown, about 10 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, and 3 cm thick, with a mass of 150 g • Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal pyramid Major/minor calyx
6:41 Blood Flow to Kidneys • In healthy individuals, over 1 liter of blood flows through the kidneys each minute! Receive blood through renal arteries -Segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries...afferent arterioles supply nephrons • Blood leaves through renal veins
9:27 Nephrons Microscopic, tubular structures in the cortex of kidneys that do the filtering of blood and production of urine • 1.25 million nephrons per kidney!
12:40 Glomerular Filtration Glomerular capillaries are fenestrated Blood pressure forces water and small solutes across the membrane and into the capsular space • Some important nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins) can also pass through - These are reabsorbed in the PCT
17:28 Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) Differs from the PCT because of a small diameter and lack of microvilli Important for 3 basic processes: - Actively secretes ions, acids, drugs, toxins - Selectively absorbs sodium and calcium ions - Selectively absorbs water
18:35 Collecting System Some final filtration, secretion, and reabsorption Now, concentrated urine passes through the collecting duct, which merge into papillary ducts • The fluid empties into the minor calyx which leads
21:16 Approx. 95% water...what else is in it? Urea: very abundant, comes from the breakdown of amino acids - Creatinine: comes from the breakdown of creatine phosphate (from muscles) - Uric acid: formed from the recycling of nitrogenous bases of RNA - Urobilin: a byproduct of the
24:55 Ureters • Pair of muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder Firmly attached to the posterior abdominal wall - 3 tissue layers: inner mucosa, muscular layer, and
26:08 Urinary Bladder Hollow, muscular organ that is a temporary reservoir for urine
27:48 Urethra Extends from the neck of the urinary bladder and transports urine out of the body Longer in males than females External urethral sphincter - Voluntary control Micturition