Rockets & thrusters. Devices meant to focus a tremendous amount of localized power on propelling themselves and any attached objects over great distances and incredible velocities. Why are they needed, and what is the science behind it all? Join us today as we explore the anatomy of rockets and why SpaceX's Super Heavies require so many thrusters strapped to one rocket instead of just one big thruster. You have most likely seen rocket launches before, but have you ever wondered what goes on within those fiery displays of combustion and energy release? How much power must be created to counter gravity, and to reach outer space?
Rockets and thrusters are commonly labelled to be understood as the same thing. Partly that is correct as both devices perform the action of acceleration. However, where they differ is in how they generate the forward momentum. So what exactly are thrusters, and how do they work?
Thrusters are propulsive devices used by objects, like rockets or spacecraft, to maintain a specific position, altitude or low-velocity acceleration for displacement. These devices are essential components in launching a spaceship. They are commonly powered by gases, hydro, chemical or plasma/ion. An impressive list but a lot of the tech used for these power sources are still highly experimental and often unpredictable when used. The engineers and scientists who develop the spacecraft wanted to design and employ a practical means of propulsion. Most objects in orbit, like satellites, are using reliable but straightforward chemical propulsion systems that do their job and keep these objects from literally falling out of the sky. Rocket engines obey Newton's Third Law, which states that any force applied to one direction will be equal and opposite. Imagine pushing onto a solid wall with all your strength. Most likely, the wall won't move nor crumble.

That is because the wall meets your pushing force in equal measure and thus stays put. Oxygen and fuel are mixed within rockets to create explosive combustion that releases energy and pressure at high temperatures. It is undeniable that rocket engines appear to be all about fire, noise, and millions of dollars going up in smokes with one big blast on the surface. Still, it's a lot more intricate than that. Here's what's happening. The hot exhaust outflow produced by the combustion is pushed through a narrow nozzle, like a venturi, which causes the flow to accelerate, thus producing thrust. At full throttle, the combustion performance improves due to the gain of altitude. The atmosphere is thinner at those levels because there are fewer air molecules to penetrate and less friction overall to slow the rocket down. For a rocket to achieve lift-off, it must produce a force of at least 98 Newton (N for short). The F-1 is considered the most efficient and potent single combustion chamber for liquid propelled engines for rockets ever developed.

The various phases of flight of a rocket are marked by stages of stability and instability. Multiple forces act upon it from the minute it attempts to lift off to when it leaves Earth's atmosphere. Nature wants to keep everything balanced, and that includes the law of physics. It can be more easily explained like this. When a rocket blasts off the launch pad, the force applied by the escaping super-heated exhaust pushes against the pad's surface and wants to move the rocket upwards. This causes instability, forcing gravity to keep the rocket where it is, thus maintaining a state of stability. Eventually, the upward motion will exceed gravity's downward pull, and the rocket lifts off.  

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