This video is Bryan’s full-length electrical basics class for the Kalos technicians. He covers electrical theory and circuit basics.

Volts, resistance, and amps all affect the behavior of electricity in circuits. These are also critical factors in electrical safety. Watts and kilowatts come from the multiplication of the volts and amps, though not every volt-amp does work; the power factor indicates how much work the volt-amps are actually doing. Some of the volt-amps are reactive (kVAR) and don’t do the real power of watts.

Electrons move by interacting with other atoms. Substances can be conductors or insulators, and conductors have very few valence electrons, which move in and out of other atoms easily. Insulators have many valence electrons and are more stable. Insulators have high resistance, and conductors tend to have low resistance.

Circuits consist of loads, switches, and power supplies. Loads actually do things and consist of light bulbs and motors. Switches pass power and don’t do work. Power supplies can be finite, like batteries, but also include transformers that take power from the utility company. Open circuits don’t move electricity, but closed circuits create a complete path that allows electrons to move. Electricity takes all available paths, not just the path of least resistance.

Bryan also covers:
Electricity and the body
GFCIs and AFCIs
Shock and arc flash protection
Lockout/tagout
Electricity and fall hazards
Energy transfer
Resistive vs. inductive loads
Magnetism and flux
Direct current (DC) vs. alternating current (AC)
How power companies and generators work
Open vs. short circuits
“Path of least resistance”
Tripping breakers
Electrical units of measurement
Step-up and step-down transformers
Electrical frequency (hertz)
Variable frequency drives (VFDs)
Microfarads and capacitors
Parallel and series circuits
Becoming more proficient at reading diagrams

Read all the tech tips, take the quizzes, and find our handy calculators at https://www.hvacrschool.com/.