During the Apartheid era in South Africa, four territories were given independence. Known as the Homeland States, they became better known as the Bantustans - a word deriving from Bantu, the leading language group of southern Africa, and '-stan', a colloquial term for a state (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, etc.). However, they were never recognised by the international community. Indeed, the move was heavily condemned by the UN Security Council and the General Assembly. This raises some fascinating questions about statehood in international relations.

For many decades, the system of racial segregation imposed by South Africa was condemned by the international community. Put in place to preserve white minority rule, the system was underpinned by several homelands in South Africa and neighbouring South West Africa (now Namibia). Four of these - Bophutatswana, Ciskei, Transkei and Venda - were even given independence by the South African government. As a result, any black South African assigned 'citizenship' of these states immediately became a 'foreigner' in their own country. But just how exactly did these states emerge, and what exactly happened to them?

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VIDEO CHAPTERS
00:00 Introduction and Titles
00:42 The Bantustans and Statehood
02:01 South Africa: Location and Population
03:02 The Creation of South Africa
04:43 The Emergence of Apartheid
06:17 The Creation of the Bantustans
10:14 The End of the Homelands
12:13 The Bantustans and Statehood in International Relations

SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
Government of South Africa https://www.gov.za
Apartheid Museum https://www.apartheidmuseum.org
Apartheid, 1948-1994 https://amzn.to/3RxXDGe

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- The contents of this video and any views expressed in it were not reviewed in advance nor determined by any outside persons or organisation.
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#SouthAfrica #Bantustans #Apartheid