#animation #anime #bishounen
This video was made for another channel. I will go back to regular postings soon.

00:00 What is Bishounen?
01:19 Early Bishounen Influences
02:06 Chigo or Temple Pages
04:25 Theatre Actors dressed as Women
05:03 The 'Third' Gender
06:26 Decline of Youthful Male Beauty
06:34 Shift in Gender Roles
07:00 Resistance to Change
07:25 The Early 1900s
07:45 The beginning Emergence of Bishounen
07:57 Showa Period and Censors
08:46 The 1950s and Entertainment
08:59 Miwa Akihiro
09:11 'Types' of Boys
09:41 The Most Famous 'Beautiful Boy' in the 1960s
10:09 The 1970s: The 'Golden' Age
11:01 Manga Artist Influences on Bishounen
11:15 Björn Andrésen's Influence on Manga
14:52 Notable Examples influenced by Björn
15:57 'Johnnys' in Japanese Entertainment

Sources:
Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup, 8th century poetry about the drunk elite in China by Micky Bumbar.
1000 Years of Pretty Boys by J.R. Brown.
Toward the Margins: Male-Male Sexuality in Meiji Popular Discourse by Gregory M. Pflugfelder.
Authorizing Pleasure: male-male Sexuality in Edo-Period popular discourse by Gregory M. Pflugfelder.
Who Was Kōbō Daishi? by Sarah Acton.
‘A Third Gender: Beautiful Youths in Japanese Prints’ by Katy Canales.
Wakashu, Japan’s Third Gender by Rainbopedia.
The Meiji Restoration and Modernization by Asia for Educators.
A Look at Gender Expectations in Japanese Society by Chris Kincaid.
Bishounen by Mark McLelland.
Onnagata – A Woman’s Manner by Toshidama.
Introduction: Destabilizing Gender by Sirpa Salenius.
Re-Presenting the Chigo by Yue Eric Tojimbara.
Masculinity on Women in Japan: Gender Fluidity Explored Through Literature and Performance by Jessica M. Perreira.
A History of Shoujo Manga by The Master of Go.
The humiliating downfall of Japan’s Johnny & Associates: Fans reckon with sexual assault in entertainment by Sarah R. Olutola.

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For sources on Björn Andrésen:
The Most Beautiful Boy in the World (2021).
Björn Andrésen on His Tortured Relationship With Luchino Visconti’s ‘Death in Venice’: ‘That Son of a Bitch Sexualized Me’ by Brent Lang.
Whatever happened to Death In Venice’s Bjorn Andresen? by Jason Solomons.
Death in Venice and how film has mistreated child stars by Sophie Monks Kaufman.
Tragedy of the 'world's most beautiful boy'... The movie classic Death In Venice made its 15-year-old star a global icon. But as a new documentary reveals, it also condemned him to a life of alcoholism and despair by Tom Leonard.
‘Death in Venice screwed up my life’ – the tragic story of Visconti’s ‘beautiful boy’ by Ryan Gilbey.
The Desperately Sad Story of the Most Beautiful Boy in the World by Hannah Lack.
Björn Andrésen: ‘I was extremely uncomfortable’ by Donald Clarke.
The face that inspired an entire generation of manga artists by Gill Princen.
Björn Andrésen on being ‘The Most Beautiful Boy in the World’ by Nick Chen.

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