Angina is the medical term for chest pain related to limited blood flow to the heart, specifically the myocardium, which is the heart's muscle tissue.

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The cause of angina is limited blood flow, which is usually caused by fatty plaque in the artery, which restricts blood flow. These fatty plaques can rupture, leading to a complete blockage and heart attack (myocardial infarction).

There are three main types of angina:

-Stable angina (also called exertional angina). This is a type of chest pain the develops during physical or emotional exertion.

-Unstable angina (also called preinfarction angina). This is a type of chest pain that can occur before a myocardial infarction.

-Variant angina (also called prinzmetal or vasospastic angina). This is the least common type of angina, and this occurs due to vasospasms occuring on a main coronary artery.

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