Isotopes are variants of chemical elements that differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. Although isotopes have the same number of protons, which defines the element's identity, they can exhibit different atomic masses due to varying neutron counts. This difference in mass leads to unique properties and behaviors among isotopes of the same element.

Radiometric dating is one of the most significant applications of isotopes. Scientists use the decay of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of rocks, fossils, and archaeological artifacts. For instance, Carbon-14 dating relies on the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 to estimate the age of organic materials. Isotopes have extensive medical uses, particularly in diagnostic imaging and cancer treatment. Furthermore, isotopic analysis provides valuable insights into geological processes, climate change, and environmental studies.

#isotopes #chemistry #radioactivity

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