A lot of you tell us that you are noticing dark spots or patches on your skin. Do you know what is hyperpigmentation and causes of hyperpigmentation?

It is important to understand the normal physiology of our skin to understand hyperpigmentation. Our skin has 3 layers. The lowest layer is called subcutaneous fat. This layer defines the structure & contours of the skin but this layer has no connection to pigmentation. The dermis is the layer above the subcutaneous fat. It is the thickest layer. This layer has sweat glands & hair follicles. This collagen is flexible but strong. It keeps the skin healthy & young. It also plays an important role in skin formation.

The dermis also does not have any role in skin pigmentation. Hyperpigmentation occurs in the skin's epidermis. The epidermis also has two levels. The bottom layer of the epidermis is live & the top layer is the dead skin layer that is called the stratum corneum. Below the live layer of the epidermis & the dermis, there is a basilar layer or basal cell layer. This is like a border. New skin cells or epithelial cells grow between the These epithelial cells migrate till the upper layers & replace the dead skin
cells.

This border layer also has darker cells called melanocytes. These cells make a pigment called melanin in our body which gives our skin color. This melanin pigment plays the main role in pigmentation & depigmentation. Now let us see how epithelial cells reach the epidermis. These epithelial cells are continuously generated one after the other & they keep moving towards the skin's upper surface. When these epithelial cells reach the skin's surface, they function as the skin's barrier & regulate water loss.

There are different skin types from type 1 to type 6. If you belong to type 6, your melanocytes are very active & produce a lot of pigment, especially a lot of dark eumelanin pigment & the maximum amount of melanin. Your skin is extremely dark. This dark skin color is seen in very few populations of very few countries in the world. Ethiopians, Sudanese, Sub Saharan Africans, & people from other countries near the equator have skin that belongs to type 6.

These people get exposed to extreme sun, & a lot more Ultraviolet A & B because of their proximity to the equator. To protect the skin & the tissues below it from overexposure to UVA & UVB rays, the skin naturally produces extra melanin.

Melanin pigment acts as the body's natural umbrella or natural skin protector from ultraviolet rays. What is the role of melanin in our skin? Melanin gives our skin color – but what other role does it play? Melanin protects our skin from the harmful rays of the sun. We get vitamin D after the sun's rays synthesize it & it is very important for our health.

Basically type 1 & 2 skin has extremely inactive melanocytes that don't even tan the skin. The melanin production capacity is very low. In type 3 skin, the sun exposure may result in a mild tan but not a dark-skinned one. Skin type 4 has melanocytes that are very sensitive to the sun & this type gets deeply tanned quite fast.

That is why when your skin is exposed to the sun, it increases melanin production as part of the body's natural protective mechanism. It protects the DNA in the epidermal skin cells by tanning. Now before we discuss the different types of hyperpigmentation, let us discuss which skin types are prone to hyperpigmentation.

Type 1 & 2 have extremely inactive melanocytes. These skin types don't even get tanned & that is why the chances of hyperpigmentation are lesser in these skin types. Type 3 also has melanocytes that are not very active, but they become more active as they get more exposed to the sun.

The melanocytes in this skin type are very sensitive to the sun & easily get tanned & pigmented. When this skin type gets exposed to the sun, your melanocytes become more active & start producing more melanin.

How to lighten skin tone?
https://www.clearskin.in/question/how...

Hyperpigmentation Part 2
   • Types Of Hyperpigmentation(Hyperpigme...  
Hyperpigmentation Part 3
   • Treatments For Hyperpigmentation (झाइ...  

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वीडियो देखने के लिए धन्यवाद What Is Hyperpigmentation And Causes Of Hyperpigmentation: Part 1 | ClearSkin, Pune | (In HINDI)