Blood transfusion procedure nursing lecture: transfusion reaction (hemolytic, febrile, allergic, GvHD) and complications for NCLEX.

What is a blood transfusion? It’s where the nurse transfuses a patient with new red blood cells via a venous access. It is most commonly donated red blood cells.

WHY do patients need blood transfusions? Because the patient is low on RBCs (erythrocytes). This may be due to anemia (body not producing enough substances to maintain or produce red blood cells like in renal failure, cancers etc.) or the patient has experienced excessive blood loss (surgery or trauma)

What's the importance of RBCs? Our body can't function without them very well! A patient will start to look pale, feel weak, experience shortness of breath with activity, and tachycardia (heart has to work harder) etc.

Red blood cells, with the help of the protein hemoglobin, carries oxygen it receives from the lungs throughout our body and helps remove the CO2 built up in our body to the lungs to be exhaled. The body's organs need fresh oxygen to function.

When is a patient usually transfused? It depends on what is going on with the patient, but recent guidelines by the American Association of Blood Banks recommends transfusing blood when a hemoglobin levels fall 7-8 g/dL.

What are normal hemoglobin level? It varies depending on gender:
Men: 14 to 18 g/dL
Women: 12 to 16 g/dL

Nurse’s Responsibilities: as a nurse working in a hospital transfusing blood is VERY common! You need to know this for not only NCLEX but the job as well. Most hospitals only allow registered nurses to transfuse blood. The nurse will prepare the patient for the transfusion (draw labs, obtain informed consent etc.), transfuse and monitor the patient during the transfusion for a transfusion reaction. Please see the video for in depth details on the blood transfusion procedure.

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