Contrast agents in X-ray and CT scans will be covered in this video. Contrast agents are substances that are used to enhance the visibility of certain tissues or structures in medical imaging. We discuss four types of contrast agents: air, carbon dioxide, barium, and iodine.

Air and carbon dioxide are used as contrast agents in some medical imaging procedures, such as double-contrast gastrointestinal studies. Barium, on the other hand, is commonly used in X-ray imaging of the digestive system.

Iodine-based contrast agents are the most commonly used contrast agents in CT scans. They can be either ionic or non-ionic, depending on their electrical charge. Non-ionic contrast agents are generally considered to be safer than ionic contrast agents, as they are less likely to cause adverse reactions.

Another important factor to consider when using contrast agents is their osmolality, or their concentration of particles in solution. High-osmolality contrast agents can cause adverse reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, in some patients. Low-osmolality contrast agents are less likely to cause adverse reactions, but they may not be as effective in enhancing image quality.

Overall, contrast agents play a crucial role in medical imaging, helping to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions. However, their use should be carefully considered, taking into account the specific needs and risks of each patient.

The acute kidney injury link to iodine contrast is covered as well as the belief by some that there is a link between iodine contrast agents and shellfish allergies.