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Resilience is the capacity of a system to maintain or restore functionality given some alteration. When a system is subject to a disturbance, it responds by moving away from its initial state. The tendency of a system to remain close to its equilibrium state, despite disturbances, is termed robustness. While the speed with which it adapts and finds a new viable state after disturbance may be understood as its resilience.

Resilience is a function of several different factors including the network's structure, dependency on input variables, diversity of components, etc. Resilience is built through a system's exposure to and survival of different changes within its environment. Forests become resilient to fires through experiencing and surviving periodic small forest fires. A child’s immune system becomes resilient through exposure to foreign invaders and developing an appropriate response.