Glucose stimulates pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin and insulin stimulates tissues to insert GLUT4 into the membrane to take up glucose. Subscribe to Nourishable at    / nourishable  

This video is part 13 of the Carbohydrate Foundations module within a lecture series on the nutrition science of macronutrients.


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The information in this video is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. All content, including text, graphics, images and information, contained on or available through this video is for general information purposes only.

References
Chapter 5 Carbohydrates in Wardlaw’s Perspectives in Nutrition, 2019 (Editors: Byrd-Bredbenner, Moe, Berning and Kelley, 11th edition)
Chapter 2 - Carbohydrates in Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 2014 (Editors: Ross, Caballero, Cousins, Tucker and Ziegler; 11 edition)

Pancreatic beta cells sense the rising glucose concentration through GLUT2. Entry of glucose through GLUT2 initiates a signal cascade that results in the beta cell releasing granules full of pre-made insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin travels through the blood and binds with insulin receptors on the membranes of muscle and fat cells. Insulin binding initiates a signal cascade that results in vesicles full of premade GLUT4s to be inserted into the membrane, allowing the muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. When insulin is no longer present then membrane “swallows” the GLUT4s back into the cell where it will be recycled and ready to go in vesicles.