An electro-osmotic pump is an unusual and interesting way to pump fluids and also measure their flow rate with only an electric field (no magnets).

Refs (in order of relevance)
https://sci-hub.tw/10.1016/S0039-9140...
http://micromachine.stanford.edu/~dla...
https://www3.nd.edu/~changlab/documen...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
https://psec.uchicago.edu/library/pho...


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