Ready to review how to do different types of Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Punnett square problems with The Amoeba Sisters? This video reviews one-trait / monohybrid crosses, two-trait / dihybrid crosses, incomplete dominance, codominance, blood type (multiple alleles), and sex-linked / X-linked Punnett square problems and then reviews pedigrees! You can purchase our optional video companion handout here (listed in below description) and expand this video description for more!

Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
00:42 Five Things to Know First
2:37 One-Trait and Monohybrids
4:11 Two-Trait and Dihybrids
6:18 Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
7:54 Blood Type (Multiple Alleles)
8:47 Sex-Linked Traits
10:34 Pedigrees
14:17 Study Tips

** OPTIONAL Video Companion Handout **
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/P...

** Need help with VOCABULARY in this video? **
If you need a refresher, we recommend this glossary of key terms here by the peer-reviewed, free OpenStax Biology Textbook. https://openstax.org/books/concepts-b...

** Our heredity playlist (featuring our genetics videos):    • Heredity  

**Our complete biology playlist (ALL biology videos):    • Amoeba Sisters Biology Learning Playlist  

**We mention to check out the video description regarding the section about sex-linked traits, as while this portion focuses on sex-linked traits in Punnett squares, there is more complexity to sex determination than sex chromosomes alone. These are some readings we recommended in our sex-linked traits video about this:
*About SRY Gene from NIH: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY
*About SRY and Sex Determination from Harvard: https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/20...
*What about cases where individuals have different combinations of sex chromosomes, as mentioned in the video? Two examples include Klinefelter Syndrome and Turner Syndrome. More about this from NIH:
https://www.genome.gov/For-Patients-a...
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FACTUAL REFERENCES:
Fowler, Samantha, et al. “Introduction - Concepts of Biology - OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 25 Apr. 2013, openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/1-introduction.

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
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SUGGESTED FURTHER READING:
Why learn genetics? Learning about genetics helps us understand inherited traits in all kinds of organisms including plants (such as crops) and animals (such as humans).

For an example of plants, did you know there is a fungus that is threatening the supply of bananas? Learn about how scientists use their knowledge of genetics to address this issue: https://www.nature.com/articles/d4158...

For an example of humans, studying genetics helps us understand how our own traits are inherited. We can also help learn about genetic disorders and how they can be treated. Our video mentions the genetic disorder, hemophilia. Did you know gene therapy is being studied in human clinical trials currently? Read more from the National Hemophilia Foundation: https://www.hemophilia.org/bleeding-d... and learn more about the disorder here https://www.hemophilia.org/bleeding-d...

Do you remember when the human genome project ended in 2003? Did you know there was still a percentage that was not complete in being sequenced? Learn more from NIH here https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics... and check out the infographics at the bottom. Here is general information from the NIH about the Human Genome Project https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-p...
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The Amoeba Sisters videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos

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MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.

TRANSLATIONS:
While we don't allow dubbing of our videos, we do gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-...