Join the Amoeba Sisters as they explain gene and chromosome mutations, and explore the significance of these changes. This updated video has improved audio and images! Check out our updated handout on https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts and expand for table of contents!

Factual Reference:
OpenStax Biology 2nd Edition, Biology 2e. OpenStax CNX. May 8, 2019 http://cnx.org/contents/8d50a0af-948b....

Codons and the amino acids they code for is represented by standard charts can be found in the public domain. While the rectangle chart is the common format, there may be other ways to represent the information. P.S. If exploring more about mutations, check out this cool codon chart that includes mutations(!!) in the public domain: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...

**Further Reading Suggestions to Go Beyond This Content!**
-Yes, mutations can happen in viruses! Check out master teacher John Mead's National Geographic Education blog post on this with the influenza virus:
https://blog.education.nationalgeogra...

-Mutations in fruit flies? Learn more:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

-Careers in Genetics?
National Society of Genetic Counselors: https://www.nsgc.org/page/aboutgeneti...
Bioinformatics: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Flowchart from American Society of Human Genetics- http://www.ashg.org/education/career_...

The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos

⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/...

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Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.

End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/...

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TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal

Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-... We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.

Our Amoeba Sisters en Español channel has our videos dubbed in Spanish!    / @amoebasistersespanol